中国新型政党制度的形成与确立

The Formation and Establishment of China’s New Type of Political Party System

秋平

Qiu Ping

  中国新型政党制度不是从天上掉下来的，而是孕育于近代以后中国民主革命的历史进程，形成于协商筹建新中国的伟大实践，是中国共产党深刻总结国内外的历史教训，在探索建立中国特色的政党制度方面作出的一大创造性贡献。

  China’s new type of political party system did not emerge from thin air. Rather, it was conceived over the course of China’s democratic revolution (1840–1949) and took shape during the political consultations in preparation for the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.

  It represents a remarkable creative contribution by the Communist Party of China (CPC), one that is based on our Party’s review of the lessons of history both in China and around the world and its explorations to establish a distinctively Chinese political party system.

  近代以后，中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，为了救亡图存，一代又一代的中国人付出了艰辛努力，各种政治力量在历史舞台上轮番登场。

  After the advent of modern times, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society. The country endured intense humiliation, the people were subjected to untold misery, and Chinese civilization was plunged into darkness. Generations of Chinese struggled tirelessly to save the nation, and myriad political forces successively emerged on the historical stage.

  20世纪初的辛亥革命推翻了在中国延续了几千年的君主专制制度，在中华大地上建立起亚洲第一个共和制国家，并仿效西方国家实行议会政治和多党制。

  In the early 20th century, the Revolution of 1911 finally brought an end to the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for several millennia, establishing the first republican state in Asia. China followed the example of Western countries by adopting parliamentary politics and a multiparty system.

  一时间，各类政治团体多达300多个。然而，多党制并没有给中国带来民主，反而造成了政党林立、政党纷争，“你方唱罢我登场”的混乱局面。

  At one time, over 300 political groups were active in the country. Yet, rather than bringing democracy to China, the multiparty system led to a proliferation of political parties, all competing for power. The result was a political merry-go-round.

  多党制失败了，一党独裁同样行不通。南京国民政府成立后，蒋介石集团实行一党专制，结果经济上崩溃、政治上孤立、军事上失败，最终导致国民党统治在大陆的崩溃。

  Where the multiparty system failed, one-party dictatorship proved equally unworkable. After the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek established a one-party dictatorship following the creation of the Nanjing National Government, it led to economic collapse, political isolation, and military defeat. This ultimately ended with the complete collapse of Kuomintang rule on the mainland.

  近代中国要完成救亡图存和反帝反封建的历史任务，必须开辟新的道路，建立新的政治制度。历史的重任落在了中国共产党身上。

  For modern China to successfully avoid subjugation and resist the forces of imperialism and feudalism, it would need to forge a new path based on a new political system. This weighty historic mission fell upon the shoulders of the CPC.

  中国共产党一经诞生，就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴确立为自己的初心和使命。

  On the day it was founded, the CPC made it its mission and aspiration to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.

  面对强大的内忧外患和深重的民族危机，中国共产党人认识到，要取得新民主主义革命的胜利，单靠中国工人阶级的力量是不够的，必须团结一切进步力量，形成强大合力，才能取得革命的完全胜利。

  In the face of a grave national crisis caused by both domestic turmoil and foreign aggression, Chinese Communists saw that the strength of the working class alone would not be enough to ensure victory in the new-democratic revolution; rather, all progressive elements would need to be united to create a force powerful enough to secure complete victory.

  早在1922年，中共二大就提出了建立“民主的联合战线”的主张，初步提出了统一战线的方针。

  As early as at its Second National Congress in 1922, the CPC initially put forward a united front policy based on the proposition of establishing a democratic united front.

  抗日战争时期，中国共产党在抗日根据地实行“三三制”民主政权，团结一切积极抗日的力量。

  During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it adopted the three-thirds system of democratic government in resistance base areas, in order to unite all forces for actively taking the fight against Japanese aggressors.

  这样一种由“共产党主导”和“多党派参与”的政权形式，实际上就是后来中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度的雏形。

  This type of government, which was CPC-led and based on multiparty participation, was a forerunner to the subsequent system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation.

  抗日战争胜利后，国民党疯狂镇压民主运动，中国共产党同各民主党派建立了亲密的合作关系，真诚欢迎各民主党派参加协商建国，对多党合作态度坚定而明确。

  Following victory in the War of Resistance in 1945, the KMT tried frantically to suppress the democratic movement. By forging close ties with these parties and sincerely welcoming their involvement in consultations on founding a new China, the CPC demonstrated a clear and resolute commitment to multiparty cooperation.

  1949年9月，由中国共产党和各民主党派、人民团体、无党派民主人士参加的中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议召开，通过了具有临时宪法性质的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》，标志着中国新型政党制度的确立。

  The first plenary session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was convened in September 1949. Along with the CPC, various other political parties, people’s organizations, and democrats without party affiliation were in attendance. The Common Program of the CPPCC, which was adopted at the session, became the interim constitution for the PRC. This session heralded the establishment of a new type of political party system in China.

  中国新型政党制度形成的历史表明，这一制度是中国共产党领导中国人民在追求民族独立、国家富强、人民幸福的历史进程中形成的，也是人民民主实践的必然结果。

  From this historical account, it is clear that China’s new type of political party system took shape as the CPC led the Chinese people on a journey to realize national independence, make our country strong and prosperous, and pursue a better life. It was also an inevitable result of the practice of people’s democracy.

  中文编辑：郝遥

  英文编辑：李晓琼

  审校：张娴 衣小伟

  监制：李达 李振通